ƘUNGIYOYIN MASU RIDDA

A cikin shekaru ashirin da uku na annabtar Shugabanmu Annabi (sallallahu alaihi wa sallam), Yankin Larabawa gaba ɗaya ya musulunta, kuma mutane da yawa ƙwarai daga wasu wurare ma suka riƙa zuwa rukuni-rukuni, suka karɓi Musulunci. Suka yi imani da Allahu Ta’ala, suka bi Annabin da Ya aiko a kowace magana da kowane aiki. Lokacin da Manzon Allah ya yi wafati, a doron ƙasa akwai Sahabbai fiye da dubu ɗari da ashirin da huɗu (a wata ruwaya, kusan dubu ɗari da hamsin). Bayan Hajjin Bankwana, wasu mutane a cikin Larabawa suka fara da’awar annabta. Na farkonsu Aswad al-Ansi ne, na ƙabilar Banu Ans. Ainihin sunansa Abhala ɗan Ka’ab ne. Da dabaru iri-iri ya yaudari mutane da yawa daga cikin mutanen Yaman. Mutanen Najran ma suka bi shi. Ya ƙwace San’a, ya faɗaɗa da’irar fitina. Shugabanmu Manzon Allah, duk da cewa yana rashin lafiya, ya mai da hankali ƙwarai ga ɓarnar da maƙaryata irin Aswad al-Ansi suke yi. An sanar wa Shugabanmu Annabi ta wahayi cewa an kashe wannan maƙaryaci. Washegari Manzon Allah ya yi wa Sahabbai busharar wannan al’amari, ya ce: “Jiya da dare, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan’uwanmu ya kashe maƙaryaci Aswad al-Ansi.”

Bayan wafatin Annabinmu, da zugar munafukai, Yahudawa da Kiristoci, ƙungiyoyin ridda (irtidad), wato barin addini, suka ɓullo gaba ɗaya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suka kai girma mai yawa. Da wafatin Manzon Allah, Sahabbai masu girma (alaihimur-ridwan) suka zaɓi Abubakar as-Siddiƙ (radiyallahu anhu) halifa da baki ɗaya. Wani ɓangare na Larabawan ƙauye (makiyaya), waɗanda duk da cewa suna nuna kansu Musulmi, Musulunci bai riga ya kama zukatansu ba, suka ɗauki wafatin Shugabanmu Annabi a matsayin dama, suka ƙi ibadodin da suke farilla, musamman ba da zakka. Suka kashe waɗanda suka zo musu da wani aiki daga cikin Sahabbai masu girma (radiyallahu ta’ala anhum ajma’in), suka yi shahada. Bayan sun kasance Musulmi, suka bar addinin Musulunci. Suka zama murtaddai. Ma’aikatan da suke Yaman da sauran wurare suka fara dawowa, suna kawo labarai baƙaƙe. Haɗarin ridda ya girma farat ɗaya. Tsoro ya rufe ko’ina. Idan aka kwatanta da yawan murtaddai, Musulmi ƴan kaɗan ne ƙwarai. Abubakar as-Siddiƙ (radiyallahu anhu) ya ƙudiri yaƙi da murtaddai. Ya kai wa maƙiyan da suke shirin kai wa Madina hari farmaki mai tsanani da dare, ya yi yaƙi har gari ya waye. Ya watsa su duka. Ya hau raƙumarsa domin ya tafi yaƙi da murtaddan da suke nesa.

Nana A’isha ta ce: “A waɗannan kwanaki da Larabawa suka yi ridda, da babana ya zare takobinsa, ya hau raƙumarsa, sai Sayyidina Aliyu ya zo wurinsa, ya kama linzamin raƙumarsa, ya ce: ‘Ya halifan Manzo! Ina za ka? Zan faɗa maka abin da Manzon Allah ya faɗa maka a Yaƙin Uhud. A wannan rana ya ce maka: “Mayar da takobinka cikin kube! Kada ka ƙona mu da mutuwarka!” Wallahi, idan wani abu ya same ka, bayanka Musulmi ba za su sami tsari ba.’” Dukkan Sahabbai masu girma (radiyallahu ta’ala anhum ajma’in) suka tabbatar da maganar Sayyidina Aliyu. Halifa ya koma Madina al-Munawwara. Ya aika rundunoni zuwa ga murtaddai. Da farko halifa ya tunkari ƙabilu huɗu kusa da Madina, ya mai da su ga ɗa’a. Sannan ya aika rundunoni zuwa ƙabilu goma sha ɗaya. Daga cikinsu, sojojin da suke ƙarƙashin umarnin Ikrima ba su iya tunkarar sojoji dubu arba’in na Musailima a Yamama ba.

“Ya ƙaunataccen Annabina! Ka ce musu: ‘Idan kuna son Allah, kuma kuna son Allah Ya so ku, ku bi ni! Allah Yana son waɗanda suke bina’” Ali Imrana: 31

Halifa ya aika Khalid ɗan Walid domin taimako. Khalid ya ragargaza Ɗulaiha ɗan Khuwailid, Sajah ƴar Haris da Malik ɗan Nuwaira, ya koma Madina. A Yamama ma ya sami babbar nasara. Ya kashe murtaddai dubu ashirin. Musulmi kusan dubu biyu suka yi shahada. Amr ɗan As ma ya mai da ƙabilar Khuza’a ga imani. Ala ɗan Hadrami ya yi yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani a Bahrain, ya watsa murtaddai. Huzaifa, Arfaja da Ikrima suka haɗu a Oman da Bahrain, suka fatattaki murtaddai. Suka kashe murtaddai dubu goma. Halifa ya aika Khalid ɗan Walid zuwa ɓangaren Iraƙi. Ya karɓi jizya zinariya dubu ɗari daga birnin Hira. Ya fatattaki rundunar Farisa da take ƙarƙashin jagorancin kwamanda Hurmuz. A Basra ya ragargaza runduna mai mutum dubu talatin. Daga rundunar maƙiya da ta zo taimako an kashe kafirai dubu saba’in. Sannan, da yaƙe-yaƙe iri-iri, ya ƙwace manyan birane. Halifa ya tara runduna a Madina, ya aika Abu Ubaida zuwa ɓangaren Sham, Amr ɗan As kuma zuwa Falasɗinu. Sannan ya aika Yazid ɗan Abu Sufyan zuwa Sham a matsayin mataimaki. Daga baya ya sake tara sojoji, ya aika Sayyidina Mu’awiya domin taimakon ɗan’uwansa Yazid. Ya kuma aika Khalid ɗan Walid daga Iraƙi zuwa Sham. Khalid ya bar wani ɓangare na sojoji wurin Musanna, ya zo Sham bayan yaƙe-yaƙe da nasarori da yawa. Rundunonin Musulunci suka haɗu, suka ci babbar rundunar Rumawa a Ajnadain. Sannan, a Yarmuk, sojojin Musulunci dubu arba’in da shida suka yi dogayen yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani ƙwarai da sojoji dubu ɗari biyu da arba’in na Hiraƙl, suka yi nasara. An kashe sojojin Rumawa fiye da dubu ɗari. Musulmi dubu uku suka yi shahada. A wannan yaƙi matan Musulmi ma sun yi yaƙi. An ga jarumtaka mai ban mamaki ta babban kwamanda Khalid ɗan Walid da ta kwamandan ɓangare Ikrima. Dukkan waɗannan nasarori sun samu ne da jarumtar halifa, basirarsa, kyakkyawar shugabancinsa da albarkarsa. Ƙungiyoyin tawaye da ridda, waɗanda da wafatin Shugabanmu Annabi suka kewaye Yankin Larabawa gaba ɗaya kamar gobara, an kashe su a cikin ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci kamar shekara ɗaya, saboda ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙudurin Sayyidina Abubakar, nufinsa marar girgiza da ingantattun tsare-tsaren da ya yi a cikin runduna. Sayyidina Umar (radiyallahu anhu) ya yi manyan hidimomi wajen aika rundunar Usama zuwa Sham da kuma hana tashe-tashen hankula. Abdullahi ɗan Suhail da jawabansa ya hana mutane da yawa yin ridda. Abu Dujana ma ya yi babbar hidima ƙwarai wajen kashe rikice-rikice. Nu’uman ɗan Muƙarrin da Khalid ɗan Sa’id sun halarci yaƙe-yaƙen da aka yi da murtaddai, suka sami manyan nasarori. Ta haka ba a ba fitinar ridda damar girma ba, aka kauce wa babbar masifa, kuma aka kashe wutar wata babbar fitina da ta nufi girgiza haɗin kan Musulunci.

Sai dai wasu mutane, waɗanda suka fahimci cewa ba za su kai ga manufofinsu a fili ba, suka yunƙuri yin ridda, sun kuma shiga ƙungiyoyin fitina na zamanin da suka biyo baya. Sun zama sanadin rabe-raben addini da na siyasa da suka faru a tsakanin Musulmi.

A tarihin Musulunci, bayan waɗannan al’amura ne aka fara amfani da kalmomin “ridda (irtidad)” (barin addini) da “murtaddi” (wanda ya bar addini) da ma’anar ƙin addini da juya baya daga gare shi. A gwagwarmaya da murtaddai, gudunmawar Sayyidina Abubakar ta yi girma. Da ba a sami mutum mai irin wannan basira ba, da haɗarin ya bazu ga Ƙasar Larabawa gaba ɗaya. Saboda haka Nana A’isha ta ce: “Da aka karɓi ran Manzon Allah, Larabawa suka yi ridda. Munafunci ya kumbura. Abin da ya faɗa wa babana, da ya faɗa wa duwatsu, lalle da ya mai da su gari!”1

Sayyidina Abu Huraira ma ya ce: “Da ba Abubakar ba, bayan wafatin Muhammadu alaihis-salam da al’ummar Muhammadu ta halaka!”2 Ya kuma ce: “Na rantse da Allah, wanda babu abin bauta sai Shi, da Abubakar bai ɗauki halifanci a kansa ba, da ba a sami mai bauta wa Allah Maɗaukaki ba!”, ya maimaita wannan magana sau uku.

Abu Raja’ al-Uɗaridi ya ce: “Da na shiga Madina, na ga mutane sun taru, wani mutum kuma yana sumbatar kan wani mutum, yana cewa: ‘Raina fansarka! Wallahi, da ba kai ba, lalle da mun halaka!’ Na tambaya: ‘Wane ne wannan mai sumbata, wane ne kuma wanda ake sumbata?’ Suka ce: ‘Umar ne yake sumbatar kan Abubakar, saboda yaƙinsa da murtaddai!’”3

Nana A’isha ta ba da labarin waɗancan kwanaki kamar haka: Da wafatin Manzon Allah, da yawa daga cikin ƙabilun Larabawa suka yi ridda. Musulmi suka ruɗe kamar wanda ruwan sama ya kama a cikin duhun dare. Har ma a lokacin mafi yawan mutanen Makka suka shirya juya baya daga Musulunci. Sayyidina Suhail ɗan Amr ya tsaya a bakin ƙofar Ka’aba, ya yi kira ga mutanen Makka. Ya yi musu jawabi mai ratsa zuciya, ya kawar da shakkunsu, ya hana su barin addini. Ya ce musu: “Ya ku mutanen Makka! Ku ne kuka zama na ƙarshen waɗanda suka musulunta. Kada ku zama na farkon masu ridda, masu juya baya daga Musulunci! Wallahi, Allah Maɗaukaki, kamar yadda Manzo alaihis-salam ya faɗa, lalle Zai kammala wannan al’amari! Na ji shi, yana tsaye shi kaɗai a wannan wuri da nake, yana cewa: ‘Ku faɗi “La ilaha illallah” tare da ni, domin Larabawa, suna kallonku, su shiga addini, waɗanda ba Larabawa ba kuma su biya muku jizya! Wallahi, taskokin Kisra da na Ƙaisar za a kashe su a tafarkin Allah!’

Kun ga cewa masu ba’a sun zama masu karɓar zakka da sadaka. Wallahi, saura ma zai faru! Wallahi, ni na sani sosai cewa: muddin fitowar rana da faɗuwarta suna ci gaba, wannan addini zai ci gaba. Kada waɗancan mutane da suke a tsakaninku su yaudare ku! Abin da na sani game da wannan al’amari, su ma waɗancan mutane sun sani. Amma hassadar da suke yi wa ƴaƴan Hashim ta rufe zukatansu. Ya ku mutane! Ni ne, a cikin Ƙuraishawa, mafi yawan abubuwan hawa a tudu da a teku. Ku yi ɗa’a ga shugabanku, ku biya shi zakkarku. Idan al’amarin Musulunci bai ci gaba har ƙarshe ba, ni ne lamuni na mayar muku da zakkarku!” Ya faɗa haka, ya yi kuka. Sai mutane suka natsu.4

Da Suhail ɗan Amr, da jawabinsa mai ratsa zuciya, ya sa mutanen Makka suka bar ridda, sai gwamnan Makka, Attab ɗan Asid, ya iya bayyana a fili.

“Da ba Abubakar ba, bayan wafatin Muhammadu alaihis-salam da al’ummar Muhammadu ta halaka!” Abu Huraira (radiyallahu anhu)

Kallon kaburbura masu daraja na ƙaunataccen Annabinmu (alaihis-salatu was-salam)
da na Sahabbansa biyu, ƙwayoyin idanun Musulmi,
Sayyidina Abubakar da Sayyidina Umar (radiyallahu anhuma), daga gaba, wato daga ɓangaren alƙibla.

Suhail ɗan Amr yana cikin fursunoni a Yaƙin Badar. Sayyidina Umar yana son a kashe shi. A lokacin Shugabanmu Annabi ya ce wa Sayyidina Umar: “Don me kake son kashe shi? Ka bar shi, watakila Allah Ya kai shi wani matsayi da kai ma za ka yarda da shi. Ana kuma fatan ya yi wa mutane jawabi!” Ga shi, aka fahimci cewa busharar da aka ba da labarinta a wannan hadisi mai daraja, ita ce wannan jawabi da Suhail ɗan Amr (radiyallahu anhu) ya yi a matsayin da ake yarda da shi.5 Sayyidina Umar kuma, lokacin da ya ji jawabin Suhail, ya tuna maganar da Annabinmu ya faɗa game da Sayyidina Suhail, kuma, ko da yake Annabinmu ba ya nan, bai iya kame kansa ba daga cewa: “Ina shaida cewa, lalle, kai Manzon Allah ne!”6

Ƙaunarka magani ce ga dukkan ciwo, ya Rasulallah,
A wurinka ana biyan buƙatu, ya Rasulallah.
Idanun da suka ga nurinka ba sa neman wata, ba sa neman taurari,
Daga nurinka dare da rana suke samun haske, ya Rasulallah.
Daga zufarka furannin wardi suke buɗewa; daga maganarka, zuma da sukari,
Tare da kai zukata marasa lafiya suke samun waraka, ya Rasulallah.
Kai masoyi ne ga sarakuna, likita ga ciwo da nishi,
Cetonka farin ciki ne ga mai zunubi, ya Rasulallah.
Wata, rana da taurari bakwai, duk suna yabonka ƙaf,
Duk maganar da ba maganarka ba, kuskure ce, ya Rasulallah.
Iblis yana hassadarka – wane wawa ne shi, banza ce makircinsa;
Idrisu, saboda ƙaunarka, ya ɗaukaka, ya Rasulallah.
Ana buga gangarka kullum; sunnarka ta salloli biyar tana nan tsaye,
Duk wanda ya zo gidanka, baƙo ne da aka gayyata, ya Rasulallah.
Ƙayayuwa sun sa tufafin alharini, hamada sun zama turare,
Ciwon shan wahala saboda kai, cika alkawari ne, ya Rasulallah.
An sayar da Yusufu na Kan’ana a ɓoye da ƴan kuɗi kaɗan;
Ganinka, a wurina, rai dubu ne, ya Rasulallah.
Kabarinka mai albarka, a ƙasa, cike yake da nuri, ana shayar da shi da nuri,
Amma ruhinka yana haskakawa a sammai, ya Rasulallah.
A jikin Dawuda rigarka ta daraja take; a teburin Khalil, ni’imarka;
A hannun Musa, alamar da take taka, sanda ce, ya Rasulallah.
Matsayinka Ka’aba ce da Zamzam, kullum tsayayye kuma ƙaƙƙarfa;
Khidir yana shayar da al’ummarka kowane lokaci, ya Rasulallah.
Şeyyâd Hamza yana roƙon wancan Sarki ya kuɓuta daga nishi;
Yabonka kyauta ce daga Allah, ya Rasulallah.
Şeyyâd Hamza

“Ina shaida cewa, lalle, kai Manzon Allah ne!” Sayyidina Umar (radiyallahu anhu)

Maƙabartar Jannatul-Baƙi’ da take Madina al-Munawwara, maƙabarta ce da a cikinta akwai hubbaren dubban Sahabbai masu girma (radiyallahu anhum).